Kazakhstan Weather in January

Kazakhstan, the world’s largest landlocked country, experiences extreme continental climates, with significant temperature variations between summer and winter. January falls right in the middle of the winter season, characterized by cold temperatures, snow, and strong winds. As Kazakhstan spans a vast area, the weather conditions in January vary greatly between its regions, ranging from the steppes and plains to the mountainous areas.

In general, January is a very cold month across Kazakhstan, but its temperature and weather conditions can differ significantly depending on the location. The southern regions, which are closer to deserts, experience slightly milder temperatures compared to the northern and central regions, where the cold can be severe. Kazakhstan’s winters offer a variety of outdoor activities, including skiing and winter hiking, making it a popular destination for winter tourism.

Average Temperatures in January

Highest and Lowest Temperatures

Kazakhstan experiences harsh winter temperatures in January, with extreme cold in many areas, particularly in the northern and central regions. The temperatures can drop significantly, especially at night, and the cold can be felt across most of the country.

1. Almaty and Southern Kazakhstan: Almaty, located in southern Kazakhstan, is relatively warmer than the northern cities. In January, daytime temperatures typically range from -4°C (25°F) to -7°C (19°F), with night temperatures dropping to -10°C (14°F) or colder. Although the temperatures are still cold, Almaty enjoys the benefit of its proximity to the Tien Shan Mountains, which provides some shelter from the harsh winds. Snowfall is common in this region, especially in the mountainous areas.
2. Astana (Nur-Sultan) and Northern Kazakhstan: In Nur-Sultan (formerly known as Astana), Kazakhstan’s capital located in the northern part of the country, the temperatures are extremely cold in January. Daytime highs average around -14°C (7°F), with lows often dipping to -20°C (-4°F) or lower. The combination of freezing temperatures and strong winds makes it feel even colder. The winter here is long and harsh, with regular snowstorms and freezing conditions.
3. Eastern Kazakhstan (Semey, Oskemen): In the eastern regions of Kazakhstan, such as Semey and Oskemen, the weather in January is similar to that of the northern regions. Daytime temperatures typically range between -10°C (14°F) and -15°C (5°F), with nighttime lows reaching -20°C (-4°F) or lower. Snowfall is common, and strong winds add to the cold, making the weather challenging for outdoor activities.
4. Western Kazakhstan (Atyrau, Aktau): In the western regions, which are closer to the Caspian Sea, the temperatures in January are milder compared to the rest of the country. Daytime highs in cities like Atyrau and Aktau range from -5°C (23°F) to -10°C (14°F), with nighttime lows around -12°C (10°F). Snowfall is lighter in this region, and the weather tends to be less harsh, although it can still feel cold.

Temperature Table for January (Past 10 Years)

Below is a table summarizing the average temperatures and precipitation levels in various cities across Kazakhstan during January. The data for cities like Almaty, Astana, Semey, and Aktau provides a general overview of how the temperatures fluctuate during this month.

Precipitation Levels in January

January is typically one of the drier months in Kazakhstan, with the majority of the country experiencing low precipitation levels. The weather is generally dry in many regions, particularly in the steppes and plains. However, the mountains, especially in the south and east, can receive significant snow during this time, making January the peak of the ski season.

1. Almaty and Southern Kazakhstan: In Almaty, located near the Tien Shan Mountains, the precipitation levels in January are generally low, averaging between 15 mm and 25 mm. The majority of the precipitation falls as snow, and this region is popular for winter sports, including skiing and snowboarding. The mountain ranges contribute to some localized snowstorms, but the rest of the city and surrounding areas remain relatively dry.
2. Astana (Nur-Sultan) and Northern Kazakhstan: In Nur-Sultan and the northern areas, precipitation in January is also low, with average rainfall or snow accumulation around 10 mm to 20 mm. Snow is more common in this region, with occasional snowstorms making the landscape picturesque and cold. The dryness of the air, combined with the strong winds, can make the region feel much colder than the actual temperatures suggest.
3. Eastern Kazakhstan (Semey, Oskemen): Precipitation in eastern Kazakhstan is typically around 15 mm to 20 mm in January, with snow being the primary form of precipitation. The snowfalls can accumulate rapidly, especially in the higher elevations of the Altai Mountains, contributing to the cold and wintery atmosphere of the region.
4. Western Kazakhstan (Atyrau, Aktau): The western part of Kazakhstan experiences the least amount of precipitation in January, with rainfall or snow accumulation generally under 10 mm. This region has a more arid climate, and while snow is still common, it is usually lighter compared to the rest of the country. Aktau and Atyrau enjoy relatively mild winter conditions, with less snow and fewer strong winds.

Snowfall in Kazakhstan

Snowfall is common in January across Kazakhstan, particularly in the northern and eastern regions. The majority of snowfall occurs in the form of snowstorms, which can sometimes cause disruptions, particularly in the mountainous areas. Almaty, which is located near the southern mountains, experiences heavier snowfalls, contributing to the popularity of winter sports in the region. In contrast, the western parts of Kazakhstan, like Aktau, see lighter snowfall, with the conditions being much drier.

Wind Patterns in January

Wind patterns in January are typically strong across Kazakhstan, particularly in the central and northern regions, which are exposed to Siberian winds. These winds can bring extreme cold, making the temperatures feel even colder than they are. Wind speeds in places like Nur-Sultan and Semey can reach up to 30 km/h (18 mph), and gusts may exceed this during snowstorms.

In the southern regions near Almaty, wind speeds are generally milder, but the mountain valleys can funnel the winds, causing temporary increases in speed. Coastal areas like Aktau experience lighter winds, but the wind chill can still make the temperatures feel colder.

Atmospheric Pressure in January

During January, atmospheric pressure in Kazakhstan typically remains high, particularly in the northern and central regions. The country experiences a stable air mass, though fluctuations can occur with incoming weather systems. The high pressure leads to clear skies and dry conditions, but it also contributes to the cold, dry air that can dominate much of the country. Low-pressure systems that bring snow or rain are less common in January, which is typically the driest month.

What to Consider for Traveling to Kazakhstan in January

Packing for the Cold

Kazakhstan in January can be extremely cold, especially in the northern and central regions. It is important to pack warm, insulated clothing, including thermal layers, a heavy winter coat, gloves, scarves, and hats. If you plan on visiting higher-altitude areas like Almaty or the Altai Mountains, pack snow boots, snow pants, and a waterproof outer layer to protect against snow and freezing temperatures.

In addition to warm clothing, bring items that will protect against the wind, such as windproof jackets and face masks. Layering is key, as the temperature can fluctuate, particularly when traveling between urban areas and rural or mountainous regions.

Health Considerations

Travelers should be mindful of the cold and dry air in Kazakhstan during January, as it can lead to dehydration, especially at higher altitudes. Carry a water bottle and drink plenty of fluids. Additionally, the cold temperatures and dry air can cause skin dryness, so it’s important to use moisturizing creams and lip balm.

For those visiting mountainous regions, be aware of the risks of altitude sickness and take the necessary precautions. If you are traveling to higher altitudes like the Tien Shan Mountains, give yourself time to acclimatize to avoid altitude sickness. Always consult with a healthcare professional before traveling to high-altitude destinations.

Transportation and Travel Conditions

In January, the cold and snow can affect transportation, particularly in northern and eastern Kazakhstan. Roads in rural areas may be snow-covered, making travel challenging. If driving, ensure that your vehicle is equipped for winter conditions, including snow chains and winter tires. Public transportation, such as buses and trains, may experience delays due to snowstorms, particularly in remote areas.

For those visiting ski resorts or rural destinations, it’s advisable to book transportation in advance and check road conditions before setting off. Taxis and private vehicles are often the best option for traveling between cities and rural areas, especially in the winter months.

Currency and Payments

Kazakhstan’s official currency is the tenge (KZT). Credit and debit cards are widely accepted in major cities like Almaty and Nur-Sultan, but it’s a good idea to carry some cash, particularly when traveling to rural areas. ATMs are readily available in urban centers, but smaller towns may have limited access to banking services, so it’s advisable to have enough cash for your travels.

Health and Safety

Kazakhstan is generally safe for travelers, but it’s important to follow basic safety precautions during the winter months. Ensure that your accommodation provides proper heating, especially in rural areas. Watch out for icy sidewalks and roads, particularly in snowy conditions, and dress appropriately for the weather.

If you’re planning to participate in winter sports like skiing or snowboarding, always use reputable operators and ensure that safety gear is provided. Be aware of the weather conditions and any potential risks of avalanches in mountainous areas.

Things to Do in Kazakhstan in January

Skiing in Almaty

One of the top activities in Kazakhstan during January is skiing, particularly in the mountains surrounding Almaty. The Shymbulak Ski Resort is one of the most popular destinations, offering a range of ski runs, snowboarding, and other winter sports. With the dry and cold conditions in January, the slopes are perfect for skiing, and the surrounding Tien Shan Mountains provide stunning views.

Visit the Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi

For those interested in cultural and historical exploration, the Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi in Turkestan is a must-see. This UNESCO World Heritage site is an important pilgrimage destination for Muslims and offers a glimpse into the country’s rich history. January, with its cooler temperatures, offers a more peaceful time to visit this historical monument, away from the crowds of the tourist season.

Hiking in the Tien Shan Mountains

For outdoor enthusiasts, the Tien Shan Mountains offer excellent opportunities for winter hiking and trekking. While temperatures in the mountains can be cold, January offers clear skies and snow-covered landscapes, ideal for those looking to experience the beauty of Kazakhstan’s nature. Guided tours can take you to various parts of the mountain range, including the Big Almaty Lake, which is stunning in the winter.

Explore the City of Nur-Sultan (Astana)

Despite the cold weather, January is an excellent time to explore Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan’s capital city, which offers a variety of modern attractions and landmarks. Visit the Bayterek Tower for panoramic views of the city or explore the futuristic architecture, such as the Khan Shatyr Entertainment Center. The city’s indoor attractions, including museums and cultural centers, are perfect for escaping the winter chill.

Relax at the Caspian Sea

For a more laid-back experience, the western city of Aktau on the Caspian Sea offers a unique winter retreat. While it’s too cold for beach activities, the region’s mild climate in January makes it perfect for enjoying local seafood, visiting coastal towns, and taking in the dramatic desert landscapes along the sea.

Experience Kazakh Cuisine

Kazakh cuisine is rich and hearty, making it perfect for cold winter months. Try traditional dishes such as beshbarmak (noodles with meat), shashlik (grilled meat skewers), and kymyz (fermented horse milk). January is a great time to enjoy warm, comforting meals at local restaurants or cafes across Kazakhstan.